The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors

The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The sheer measure of data that comes spilling out of the web each week can be overpowering - particularly when you’re living in the ever-developing universe of independently publishing. To help smooth out your learning (and cut back on long stretches of random perusing), we’ve set up a rundown of our preferred composition and independently publishing roundups.As we find new gatherings, we’ll be including and taking away passages from this rundown. On the off chance that you are aware of any incredible distributing related gatherings, let us know in the remarks underneath, and we may discover a spot for it on this page!General Publishing Roundups1. The Book DesignerJoel Friedlander’s site has for since a long time ago been a safe house for book plan obsessives like us. It additionally flaunts a fantastic week by week blog roundup that reveals tips on composing, distributing, and - obviously - book design.2. The Digital ReaderLooking for a fast shot of b ook news at the morning meal table?â Nate Hoffelder offers a craftsman mix of connections in his Morning Coffee gather together for perusers and distributing lovers who can’t hang tight an entire week for their fix of distributing news. Look at the absolute best news roundups for #selfpub creators 3. IndieReader We will consistently invigorate this page, so in the event that you are aware of a strong news roundup that shares data, tips, and guidance forâ self-distributing creators, let us know in the remarks underneath!

Intellectual Skills in Males and Females Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scholarly Skills in Males and Females - Essay Example Past and ebb and flow look into affirms that male and female scholarly expertise contrasts are best clarified and brought about by socialization, not hereditary qualities. Truth be told, the scholarly and Behavioral contrasts between the sexual orientations are not ingrained during childbirth however are the aftereffect of society's desires (Bates, 2007). Regardless of the conduct contrasts among young men and young ladies in their adolescence, the distinctions become starker as they become more established. The purpose behind this expansion in scholarly distinction is overstated scholarly predisposition by society and the gendered culture. It is likewise significant that kids don't acquire scholarly contrasts; rather, they take in these distinctions from society, contingent upon what society, network or family anticipates that offspring of every sexual orientation should do or to be. Thusly, male kids are seen to create spatial abilities quicker than young ladies do. This event isn' t inborn prevalence by guys however emerges from desires and support by society (Nikita et al., 2010). For example, numerous networks urge young men to be solid while young ladies are required to be clearly enthusiastic and loquacious. Henceforth, young ladies gain verbal abilities as a result of accentuation by instructors and guardians. In spite of the fact that neuroscientists agree that young ladies start talking at a previous age than young men do, the hole is very little at adolescence, in opposition to the thought received by supporters of sexual orientation based scholarly contrasts, which overstates this scholarly ability distinction over the genders.

Personal Recruiter InMail and Other Communication Strategies That Work

Personal Recruiter InMail and Other Communication Strategies That Work Getting Personal with LinkedIn InMail Today I read an article by Catherine Byers Breet, a self-proclaimed “recovering recruiter,” on “How to contact a recruiter on LinkedIn.” As you can imagine, recruiters get bombarded by InMails and connection requests every day, and it truly takes something to grab their attention. The same goes for other decision makers. But don’t let this stop you. Getting the right person to open your InMail might not be as hard as you think. The question is, how can you write an InMail to a recruiter or other decision maker that they will actually read? First Things First You need the capability to send InMail in order to send an InMail â€" which means you probably need to invest in a premium subscription. Or, you might be able to send an attention-getting connection request and communicate via regular messaging after that, but you’ll have a more difficult time without InMail. Get Personal After handling the logistics, it’s a simple trick to inspire people to open messages: Write something personal! Yep. That’s it. All you need to do to increase the open rate on your InMails is to establish a personal connection. If you don’t, you can be sure that approximately half of your intended recipients will not read what you’ve written. Nevertheless, you’d be surprised how many people don’t bother to take a few minutes to customize a message when seeking to get what they want. The response to their generalized outreach? Radio silence. The Bystander Principle at Work It’s not just on LinkedIn where people are getting lazy about their communications. Take this situation I encountered recently: “I sent out my blog to everyone in my network and asked them to comment, and not a single person did it!” lamented a new blogger friend of mine. What do you think went wrong here? Perhaps her friends read her blog and were afraid to tell her they didn’t like it. Sure, that’s plausible. Perhaps she has low quality connections who don’t support her enough to do what she asks. Kinda doubtful. What’s more likely, I think, is that she did not personalize her invitations sufficiently. When I first started blogging, I went to my closest and most thoughtful friends and family, and specifically, individually asked them to read and comment on my articles. They all helped me out, and many of them still comment on my articles to this day. Thousands of others read the articles and don’t say or do anything. (Hmmmm…. Maybe I should be asking more people in my network for their feedback on specific articles!) The fact is, when people get what looks like a general email with a request, they often don’t do what they’re asked. They’re so busy! And anyway, someone else will do it if they don’t, right? Wrong. You might have heard of the “bystander effect,” a phenomenon where a crowd of people will stand by and not help someone in need; people don’t feel important or needed when they are the recipient of a generic request. But if someone points and says “You â€" I need you to call 911!”, the person will almost always help. I kept this phenomenon in mind on my birthday this year, when instead of creating a Facebook event, I wrote individual messages to people I wanted to invite. This was a riskier strategy than sending out a generic invitation, and I was more vulnerable. The result? My friends felt wanted and actually scheduled their Father’s Day plans around my birthday party. It worked! Getting Personal with LinkedIn InMail When you’re not reaching out to friends who have an automatic personal connection with you, you need to establish one. Breaking through that barrier might be as simple as mentioning a mutual connection (someone you really know). Or you could refer to an article written by the person you want to connect with, or that mentions the person. All these points of connection can be found with simple LinkedIn searches. If your LinkedIn investigations come up blank, try googling the person and their company. Look at their blog if they have one, or their company website. You’re likely to find some interesting information that you can use as a conversation starter. Ms. Byers Breet discovered a mutual interest in SCUBA diving with her intended connection and was able to get creative with that, going so far as to mention seahorses in her subject line! She got a response within 10 minutes. If you’re not so fortunate as to discover an eclectic mutual interest, you can always try the direct approach. Byers Breet suggests: “I’m a healthcare data analyst. Do you ever need folks like me?” Another pointer: The shorter the better. Start with your main point and don’t go much beyond that. You’ll need to catch their attention in the first 255 characters, which is what will appear in the notification about your message. I highly recommend Byers Breet’s article for sample emails to recruiters that include humor and sizzle. Model after those, whether you’re writing to a recruiter or someone else! Do you see anywhere in your life where you’re sending out a general request when a personalized one would work better? Please share â€" and if you try something new, please report the results!

Personal Nursing Theory - 661 Words

Why is it Important to Articulate Your Personal Philosophy of Nursing? Nurses often feel a conflict between the ideals of the profession and the reality of the job. Deheny (2001) writes â€Å"demands and expectations of the role are greater than the resources or number of hours in the day to accomplish what nurses would define as quality nursing care† (para. 1). Also, the use of advanced technology can create emotional withdrawal from the patient as the nurse focuses more on the machines than the person. These factors increase job dissatisfaction and emotional burnout. To articulate one’s personal philosophy requires examining the values and beliefs that define a person. Masters (2014) writes, â€Å"the overall purpose of personal philosophy is†¦show more content†¦Whether the patient wants to discuss a tragedy in their life or their favorite television show, that conversation will be the most important thing I do during that shift. Giving of myself to others gives purpose and meaning to my job. What Theories of Nursing Have You Studied? Does Your Nursing Practice Follow Any Particular Theorist (s)? During my nursing education and nursing career, I have studied the major nursing theories. Some of them include Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring, Orem’s Theory of Self-Care, and Erickson’s Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory. My nursing focus is on inpatient mental health. The theorist that is most relevant to my work is Jean Watson’s theory of caring. Watson (1998) states â€Å"Caring and healing by their very nature are concerned with wholeness. Wholeness by its very nature is concerned with interconnectedness and intersubjectivity† (Extended Science-Upward section, para. 1). Another theory frequently used in psychiatric nursing is Helen C Erickson’s Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory. Her theory states that each person has a unique perception of the world and the nurse must relate to the patient based on these unique perceptions (Sappington amp; Kelly, 1996). There are other nursing th eories that integrate in my practice, but these two theories create the foundation of my nursing care. References Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Nursing Theory Of Nursing1655 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: MY PERSONAL NURSING THEORY OF PRACTICE: A MODEL OF NURSING PRAXIS My Personal Nursing Theory of Practice: A Model of Nursing Praxis Oseni O. Abiri University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama The gap in the demand and supply for healthcare services in the US and around the world are believed to facilitate the development of advance practice nursing (APN) (Kilpatrick, 2008) and this is the motivation for my pursuance of an APN (i.e. NP) degree. The factorsRead MorePersonal Theory And Philosophy Of Nursing1835 Words   |  8 Pages Personal Theory and Philosophy Lauren Wiley Nurs 500 Theoretical Foundations of Advanced Nursing University of Louisiana at Lafayette College of Nursing and Allied Health Professions Spring 2016 April 7, 2016 Dr. Roger Rholdon, DNP, APRN, CPNP-AC â€Æ' Introduction Personal theory and philosophies are important for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) to help care for patients and their career. 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Barbara Carper identifiedRead MorePersonal Philosophy Mind Map : Florence Nightingale s Vision Of Nursing Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Philosophy Mind Map Florence Nightingale’s vision of nursing in the mid-1800s began an evolution of nursing philosophies and theories that encouraged the progression and development of nursing knowledge, quality of care, and the advancement of nursing from a vocation to an academic discipline and profession (Alligood, 2013, pp. 3-7). As nursing knowledge and theory flourished, it became necessary to structure nursing theories into an integrated system. Jacqueline Fawcett’s proposal ofRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring On Nursing1285 Words   |  6 PagesWatson’s Theory Of Caring On Nursing Introduction Nursing is an age-old profession and while it has advanced over the years, many aspects have stayed the same. There are many great and influential nurses who have changed the face of nursing over the years. Contributions to change and better the way nurses practice have helped today’s nurses advance to an unmatched skill level. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the meaning and development of nursing regarding Jean Watson’s theory of caringRead MoreHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 PagesNazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (Alligood, 2010). Because the nursing profession is complex and there areRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1304 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy A nursing philosophy is concepts or values that a nurse embraces within his/her practice and allows these concepts and values to shape the way he/she practices nursing and drives the purpose of their nursing care. It is important for each nurse to develop his/her philosophy of nursing to be a purpose driven nurse. Each nurse will have his/her own nurse philosophy because each believes differently. Nursing philosophies might come from different understandings butRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1715 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing Throughout all of life, there is only a finite amount of time before a living organism perishes out of this world. When regarding human beings specifically, their lifespans on earth are a blink of an eye. However, this blink of an eye has varied throughout all of recorded history. Through the practice of medicine, the human race has increased life expectancy by not only years, but decades. With the help of famous theorists such as Castillo Roy, and Imogene King, theRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing947 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Philosophy of Nursing and Application of Nursing Theory My personal philosophy of nursing encompasses three major tenets; compassion, empathy and, patient education. Each of these ideals are integral in my nursing practice, after learning about the nursing theory I have identified several nurse theorists that resonate most closely to my personal nursing philosophy. These include Dorothea Orem’s Self Care Model, Jean Watson’s Theory of Human/Transpersonal Caring and, Imogene King-Conceptual

All About Winning Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need

All About Winning Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need In summary, the meat of the essay was not there. The secret to writing an excellent essay is to ensure it is interesting, and the trick to that is to write about something you're passionate about. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should have the capacity to spark the interests of your readers. The body of your essay includes the most important argument. By the close of the essay, the reader ought to have a complete comprehension of who you are and what you wish to accomplish. Possessing another man or woman reading the essay is crucial. It's simple to point out an essay which has been written solely for the interest of it. If you are interested in getting the essay to be revised at all, you can put the request for it. To win, you need to write a brief essay about the Seventh Amendment and the way it influences your life. The Appeal of Winning Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Furthermore, the writing norms and specified format is going to be taken into consideration when performing the job. Your variety of words and the way you construct your sentences are a number of points that could influence your application. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions offered to you. It's natural for students not to bear in mind all details and rules of formatting. Your introduction appears like your main hurdle, but it's actually an effective weapon. Both examples handle the identical theme (sick parent) but utilize various approaches. They dea l with the same theme sick parent but utilize different approaches. Elaborate the information which you want to discuss and be sure they're presented accordingly. Therefore, you don't need to fret about your private information whenever you order with us. The other information is going to be implied. There is equally as much info to avoid though. What Needs to be Done About Winning Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Instead, mention the way your education can aid your career. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Very few students understand how to compose an ambitious scholarship essay. You may also read a lot of successful college entrance application essays. If you want more money to cover college, it is likely that you will be applying for several college scholarships. There is nobody approach to compose a winning scholarship application. With a large number of future college freshmen applying at precisely the same time, it's very good to know you have at least some benefit. New Ideas Into Winning Scholarship Essay Samples Financial Need Never Before Revealed Scholarship essay isn't a paper at which you can forgive yourself misspellings or formatting inaccuracy. There are more than a few reasons why you might want to read sample scholarship essays. They are very similar to your college application essays in terms of strategy. Writing a scholarship essay may not be an easy job for many students. The link on the site will not just take you into the overall scholarship application essay examples but also the essays associated with a particular area of study like leadership. Be certain that your essay is neatly typed, and that there's a great deal of white space' on the webpage. Let's explore a couple ideas about what your essay headline may be. Writing quality essays is the principal role of our services. Our writers stay in constant communication with the consumers as a way to be certain that the scholarship essays they write reflect the specifics of the particular clients. Conversely, provision of scholarship opens the chance to more maturation of career to obtain the experience required in leadership. The largest benefit of scholarships is that you receive money but do not need to pay anything back like with loans, for example.

A Case Of Operation Management At Lotus Cars Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(30) " at the most executable cost\." Operation direction is a portion of mundane life that includes the most general undertakings of modus operandi to proper sphere specific undertakings. In instance of companies confronting certain critical bottle cervixs in the smooth and efficient working of an organisation it is better to hold some proper tools to turn to the same. The paper tries to analyze how a company can travel approximately bettering its Operation Management. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Of Operation Management At Lotus Cars Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now About the Company-Lotus Cars The company under survey is Lotus Cars which is a British maker of athleticss and rushing autos. The company is based out of Norflock, England. The company is into doing autos of light weight features. The company has been recently seen negative growing and slack in its net incomes. Introduction Scheme is define as the concentration of a company into its nucleus competences ( by agencies of its hereafter program of action ) in order to derive competitory advantage. Strategy Types There are four stairss of scheme that are present in context of a house and its environment. The grade to which each will impact a company ‘s fight will change depending ( netmba, 2010 ) Industrial degree scheme These are the schemes at the degree of the industry like certain authorities related regulations and ordinances. Corporate degree scheme In this instance the scheme happens at the market degree whereby companies look at the overall market conditions and competitory intelligence. Business degree scheme Many organisations are mark with diverseness ( many concerns ) . These Business degree schemes is concern with designation of the markets by which each of the many concerns compete with each other and the size of competition involved. Functional degree scheme aˆ? A company competes in several markets and therefore each map needs to develop a scheme appropriate to each of these markets. Functional schemes concern puting in and developing the necessary capablenesss to convey this about. ( thinkingmanagers, 2010 ) Functional Level Strategies within the Context of a Firm A company competes in a figure of market and therefore each undertaking needs to develop a scheme suited to all of these markets. Functional schemes concern invest in and lifting the indispensable capablenesss to transport this about. Functional scheme should be aimed at looking towards deriving a concern stableness section wise or concern units wise. ( 1000ventures.com, 2010 ) As it turns out the corporate scheme is the result of the functional scheme. Thus the former ca n’t be achieved without the later as it is the functional scheme that binds the assorted constituents of the corporate scheme. Components of the schemes of a house Definition of Operations direction Operations Management is one of the concern maps that oversee the procedure of planning, forming, co-ordaniting and commanding the procedure that are used in the production of the goods and services. It is one of the direction maps of the organisation and involves the direction of the people procedure, engineering and equipment and many other resources of the organisation. It is one of the nucleus maps of every organisation. ( managementhelp.org, 2010 ) The major function of the operations direction is to change over the inputs of the organisation into the goods and services as per the demands of the client. ( ocw.kfupm.edu.sa, 2010 ) These inputs may be in the signifier of resources ( work force ) , works installation, the procedure ( such as the equipment and machinery ) or in the signifier of stuff ( such as the information and the engineering knowhow ) . The consequences of these inputs are in the signifier of goods and services. The below figure explains the major function that the operations direction dramas. ( gyte.edu.tr, 2010 ) Performance Information feedback Customer feedback Examples of assorted operations direction maps are the motion of the passangers with their baggage from one finish to another and in infirmaries with its resources in the signifier of physicians, nurses, wardboys, operation theatre, etc for transforming a ill individual into a healtier individual. Thus is the the function of the operations direction to pull off and command all the resources of an organisation. Operations direction involves all the procedure from the design to the construct stage in the life rhythm of a merchandise or services. Thus it helps in the designing of the merchandise, make up one’s minding on the resource that are required to carry through that design, the routing of the natural stuff, the agenda production of the occupation, decising on the procedure that is to be applied to do the merchandise, make up one’s minding on the machinery, the tols and the fixture that are to be required, make up one’s minding the layout of the works thereby takin a determination on the installation where the merchandise has to be made, direction of the stock list of all the degrees of the goods produced ( natural stuff ; , work in pogress and the finished goods ) , determination on the reviews and the certification of the good made. Thus in a manner the function of operations direction is to supervise and do certain that all the procedure of the company are adhered to while executing a undertaking. It is the client feedback and the public presentation information that are used as an input by the operation direction section to continually set its inputs thereby thrying to alter the end product as per the demands. Therefore the whole of this transmutation procedure in the operations direction is a really dynamic procedure. It is besides the function of the operation direction to add value to the good and services during the transmutation procedure. Value add-on is the procedure of increasing the overall value of the merchandise ( at the end product phase ) during the transmutation procedure. ( from the natural stuff to the merchandise ) Thus the greater the value that hjas been adde more if the productiveness of the organisation. Besides operations direction besides looks at bettering the efficiency of an administration. Efficiency for an administration is to carry through all the procedure good and at the most executable cost. You read "A Case Of Operation Management At Lotus Cars Commerce Essay" in category "Essay examples" ( scribd.com, 2010 ) Model for reflecting Operations scheme issues in corporate determinations Corporate Aims Selling Scheme How to merchandises measure up and win orders in the market topographic point Operation Strategy Procedure Choice Operation Scheme Infrastructure Growth Survival Net income Return on invested capital Other fiscal steps Merchandise markets and sections Scope Mix Volumes Standardization Vs customization Degree of Invention Leader Vs follower options Monetary value Quality conformity Delivery Speed Dependability Demand additions Color scope Merchandise scope Design Brand image Technical support After-sales support Choice of alternate procedures Tradeoffs embodied in the procedure pick Role of stock list in the procedure constellation Make or purchase Capacity Size timing location Function support Manufacturing planning and control systems Quality confidence and control Manufacturing systems technology Clerical processs Compensation understandings Work structuring Organizational construction The procedure for Operations Management The stairss to associate operations to marketing with corporate scheme development are first by specifying the corporate aims. Then the links are required between aims of concern and corporate scheme. Link provides the base for set up clear, strategic manner for a industry and demonstrates all the strategic consciousness and strategic motive necessary to concern accomplishment. Link defines the limitations and symbols the parametric quantity next to which the assorted inputs could be calculated and dependability established. ( mitsloan.mit.edu, 2010 ) The 2nd measure is to find selling schemes to run into these aims and associating them closely to the in agreement corporate aims. The stairss are Market readying and pull off units should to be recognized. Analysis of merchandise markets place mark markets and O.K.ing aims for each The 3rd measure is to reexamine how dissimilar goods run into the standards in their single markets and win orders against rivals. Order Winners and Qualifiers Determining the Order Winners and Qualifiers for a peculiar market Qualifiers are those standard that a company must run into for a clients to even see it as a possible provider. Be every bit good as rivals. Order Winners are those standards that win the order. Basic Characteristics of the Order Winners and Qualifiers General statements about markets embody imprecise significances. A requirement for sound corporate scheme development ( that is, understanding by all on what markets the company is and should be in and the features of those markets ) is losing. Again Order victors and qualifiers are both market and clip specific. Usually Companies must separate the degree of importance for single standards for each market. Order victors and qualifiers and their comparative weightings will alter over clip. In the bulk cases, differences exist between the standards needed to maintain gettable clients and those wanted to add to market portion or derive possible clients. ( Stevenson, 2008 ) The following measure is to set up the appropriate procedure of Operations Management to fabricate these merchandises ( procedure pick ) Quality as a strategic tool The strategic significance of excellence excellence has emerge in conditions of strategic importance because of two incorporate factors: – The figures and capableness of new entrants into markets. Lee and Schniederjans ( 1994 ) province: The lone necessary chiropteran for fiscal laterality today and in the twenty-first century is merchandise or service excellence. Very good or category quality provides an company with the lone insurance that it can contend fruitfully whether it is American, European, or Nipponese. 2. The greater sum of pick that clients have Rivalry is fierce in today ‘s concern universe and merchandise quality is going progressively recognized as the first premier concern in many purchase decision. There are legion good publicized instances in which intense competition has been the alteration agent obliging companies to follow more advanced quality systems and entire quality direction to better merchandise quality. Tools of Operations Management that could be used at Lotus Cars The assorted tools that are effectual in instance of Operations direction are World Class JIT The purpose is to extinguish waste such as record so that no has to pay anything for them and give a fast, consistent and stretchable answer to clients ‘ demands at least cost and with minimal dependance on stock list. Now the accent is on working together with providers so that together they can happen ways of enabling providers to fulfill your demands for frequent little batch bringings without the demand for extra stock list. Cardinal Elementss of JIT Exposing cardinal jobs and so seting them right one time for all, so that they do n’t maintain repeating ( in contrast of merely in instance ) Endeavoring for simpleness, because simple procedures are less likely to do jobs and are easier to set right when they do travel incorrect. Reducing fabrication throughput times, efficaciously by utilizing cell fabrication and put up decrease techniques. Bettering supplier public presentation to halt stuff jobs interfering with your ability to fulfill your clients ‘ demand. Bettering quality, because short lead times and lower stocks mean that you no longer have the protection against things traveling incorrect that you have been used to in the yesteryear. Bettering labour flexibleness through cross-training, so that you can exchange people between undertakings to get by with the mundane ups and downs in clients ‘ demands ( Jay H. Heizer, 2001 ) Cell Manufacturing It is the procedure of grouping of fabrication installations into a production cell, in order to bring forth a household of parts which require a similar sequence of procedures. In this manner companies can cut the distance parts have to go during the fabrication procedure to an absolute lower limit. Attacking Waste The assorted wastes that the company should be looking frontward to cut down are Waste from over production Waste of waiting clip Transportation waste Processing waste Inventory waste Waste of gesture Waste from production defects Reducing Lead Timess Reducing lead clip every bit much as 50 % can be really easy. The key is to understand what is go oning, what takes the clip and what causes things to travel incorrect. Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) TQM is based on the construct that all the stakeholders of an organisation should work together to accomplish continual betterment in the organisation ‘s civilization, service, procedure and merchandises The overall aim of TQM is client satisfaction through quality merchandises and services. This in bend will take to more demand for merchandises thereby diminishing monetary value and increase hostel growing both for the company and its employees Six basic constructs in TQM Engagement of the direction as the whole construct of TQM is based on continual betterment procedure which requires everybody ‘s engagement Customer centric focal point by listening to them and supplying them with the merchandises and services as per their demands. Engagement of the employment of the company by authorising them with determination doing procedure and delegating them with more duty Increase the quality of the merchandise and services by continual betterment of the procedure A strategic provider partnership based on common apprehension and regard Estimate the public presentation in order to analyse the consequences Business Procedure Reengineering It is the agencies of re-engineering the assorted procedure that are being followed in the company thereby increasing the efficiency of the procedure, cut downing the cost and bettering the quality of its end product ( goods and services ) The whole construct of concern rhenium technology is based on inquiring some of the basic questions- ‘ Why are certain procedure in some peculiar manner? ‘ Operations direction is the key to follow the procedure of concern re-engineering in an organisation. Supply concatenation Management Supply concatenation direction is the procedure pull offing the flow of the information and the stuff to and from the provider of the natural stuff to the concluding client of the merchandise. The chief aim of the supply concatenation is to do the overall procedure in the organisation more efficient and full cogent evidence Problems with Operations Management in Lotus Cars The major jobs with Operations direction are two creases Operationss Executives feel they must: Exercise accomplishment and experience in efficaciously get bying with the exacting and changing demands placed on operations direction Reconcile the trade -offs inherent in these demands as best they can Rarely do they see as an built-in portion of their function the demand to lend suitably to corporate determinations that will impact the demands on operations direction and its ability to supply the necessary market support. How Companies see Operations Management ‘s Contribution Companies besides usually reenforce operations executives ‘ accent on the short term operational facets of operations direction. Companies develop directors within operations direction. ( C. Donald J. Waters, 1999 ) At present Lotus Cars follows the procedure of production which is more based on the Numberss of the autos to be produced ( based on the demand ) . Its providers are required to provide the natural stuff based strictly on the production predictor. But the procedure is able to present merely a certain portion of the cargo of the units on clip. Recommendations for Lotus Cars The few recommendations that the direction of a company can look into when finding their Operationss direction scheme are Planing Operationss direction should be treated as a portion of an basic hierarchal concern planning construction which assures a tantrum between developed end and events and those of bigger companies. Proactiveness The aptitude of a company to anticipate new procedures and engineerings and to set into pattern long term plan to obtain capableness in progress of demands Pattern of actions The experiential downpour of determinations or events of a company over a age of clip in 9 classs: capacity, installations, procedure engineering, perpendicular integrating, production planning and control, quality systems, organisation, work force, and new merchandise development. Portfolio of operations direction capablenesss The portfolio of developed capablenesss reflects spirited strengths obsessed by the developed intent and their comparative significance. Generic fabrication capablenesss include: quality, cost, flexibleness, innovativeness and bringing public presentation. Plan of betterment The set of structured, time-phased, and evaluated actions which are implemented to better the fabrication capableness of the house. Examples include entire quality direction, group engineering, just-in-time, etc. Program typically involve wide worker engagement Performance measuring The systemic agencies by which operation direction is evaluate. Good quality public presentation dimension strategies are allied with strategic company ends so that public presentation which furthers those ends is methodically unbreakable. The recommendation for betterments in Operations Management as per the assorted procedure involved in Lotus Cars are The company can travel in for alternate fabricating units thereby run intoing the existent demand. This will once more assist in the addition in the efficiency and the effectivity of the single units of production. The company can besides look frontward to maintain a safety stock which should once more be about 20 % -50 % of the demand thereby cut downing its chance loss. But this might take to an increased stock list keeping cost. To get the better of this company can travel for the economic order measure based on the lead clip. Again the lower stock list degrees of the plastic polymers ( which have a batch of provider ) can counterbalance for the high cost of the other natural stuff involved in the production of the autos. Supply Chain In instance of Lotus Cars the supply concatenation plays an of import function in doing its procedure more robust and efficient. Thus it requires proper informations and information flow across the assorted constituents of the value concatenation. This may assist Lotus Cars achieve a streamlined supply web. The major constituents of the supply concatenation in instance of Lotus Cars are its production section ( providers ) , the marketing/sales section ( internal ) and the distributers ( stop merchandises ) . The key to effectual supply concatenation is to organize a strong linkage between these constituents of the value concatenation. In today ‘s universe it should be remembered that it is non the companies that are viing any longer by the supply concatenation that is viing. Thus a good supply web would enable Lotus Cars to cut down the lead clip, cut down cost, and increase the bringing clip and quality of the merchandises. Lotus Cars can make off with its other activities an d dressed ore merely on its nucleus competence which is production of Quality autos. The other activities such as distribution and logistics should be outsourced to companies that are specialist in the field. ( Krajewski, 2005 ) . The other option in the instance of the Lotus Cars is to accomplish forward integrating of its supply concatenation by coaction or unifying with its distributer. Tables showcase the suggested country of betterment for Lotus Cars Quality How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus Cars Quality Management Quality is free It costs money to do quality Quality is controlled Quality is built in SQC Quality at the beginning is emphasized. Inspection at big Scoring, describing and measuring Credence sampling Statistical survey of fluctuations to understand causes Procedure control TQC Workers are on the topographic point problem taw Quality personal are responsible for quality jobs TQM Planing oriented Control oriented Strategic quality direction Focused on broader systems, proactive to chances, large discoveries and little stairss Focused new merchandise development, reactive to jobs, large discoveries merely. Visually command Control chart, poka-yoka Merely charts Plant and equipment How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus Cars Group Technology Highly used Loath to utilize Automation Valued as it facilitates consistent quality Valued as it drives labour out of the merchandise House Keeping 5 ‘s ( Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seketsu and Shitsuke ) are used. Relatively untidy and disorganised work topographic point. Displaies Light shows to foreground problem topographic point. Not used TPM Prevention outlook Preventive care Regular. M/c dislocation and tool failure must be eliminated. Corrective outlook Breakdown care Merely after failure. M/c break down is non serious because of stock list Production System How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus Cars Manufacturing system Make to order Kanban ( pull system ) Made to stock MRP ( push system ) Standardization Customized end product Standardized end product Set ups Low set up clip High set up clip Layout Flexible Rigid Material Handling systems Flow: usage of gravitation Less important Inventory System How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction ` Situation at Lotus Cars Waste decrease Inventory is an evil. It hides jobs that should be allowed to come up. Every attempt must be extended to minimise stock list. Inventory is an plus. It makes production turn overing along. It protects against prognosis mistake, machine interruption down, and late bringings. Queues Once in gesture, ever in gesture. Production should be merely in clip, No waiting lines of WIPs WIP are needed to be certain that machine use stays high. Lot Sizes Keep cut downing the batch size. The smallest measure is desired for both manufactured and purchased parts. Keep revising the optimal batch size based on some expressions Buying How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus Cars Small batch buying little Large Supplier -buyer propinquity Frequent bringings Few bringings Supplier choice Long term Short term Few committed providers Single beginning Multiple beginning Complimentary concern Work together to maximise the economic systems of carbon monoxide operation Reduce provider power, widen supply base, cut down purchaser power, widen client base Supplier as interior decorator Loose specifications, accent on public presentation Rigid specifications. Inventions are non encouraged Merchandise and Price How a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus Cars Merchandise design Inventions Imitations R A ; D lacking: merchandise design depends upon what is available instead what the client demands Customer oriented merchandise Pricing Scheme Believe in long term additions, low borders ; sell high volumes at lower monetary value to do high net income. Strive for short term additions, sell at high monetary value to do high net income How to cite A Case Of Operation Management At Lotus Cars Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Was Socrates Wise Essays - Socrates, Socratic Dialogues

Was Socrates Wise? Was Socrates Wise? Webster defines wise as: (1) having or showing good judgment; (2) informed; (3) learned; (4) shrewd or cunning. In my opinion, Socrates was wise in all aspects of the word. If I were placed in his position and were to make the same decisions, I would not consider myself wise. I would consider myself to be a great fool, but given the circumstances and the parties involved I believe that Socrates made proper decisions in his defense. Socrates knew that the jury was prejudiced against him from the start and addressed it immediately. In his opening statement, of the prosecutors he stated, but of their many falsehoods, the one which astonished me most was when they said that I was a clever speaker, and that you must be careful not to let me mislead you.(15) That is an effective statement to taint a rebuttal before it can be presented. Also, Socrates addressed the fact that he has been accused of this treachery for years. These accusations are more formidable because they were first introduced to the jury when they were young and impressionable, but more importantly because Socrates has been unable to defend himself. He could not defend his position because the accusations have been informal and the accusers remain anonymous. He investigates things in the air and under the earth, and that he teaches people to disbelieve in the gods, and to make the weaker argument appear stronger.(19) These are the stock accusations given to all philosophers. Socrates was no fool and knew that he would not be able to change these ingrained beliefs in a few hours, but was able to provide some justification as to why he had lived his life in search of wisdom. Chaerephon, a life-long friend of Socrates, asked the oracle at Delphi if there was any man who was wiser than [Socrates] and there was no one. (17) Socrates did not understand how this could be true. He did not feel that he was even slightly wise let alone the wisest man. He tried to prove the oracle wrong by examining reputedly wise men and he realized that they thought that they knew things that they did not and this made them unwise. It was after these encounters that Socrates realized that the oracle meant that human wisdom is worth little or nothing.(19) It was this realization that made Socrates wise. Socrates knew that he would be convicted and sentenced to death, so his speech on death was not foolish. He was just addressing the inevitable. He says that a man of any worth does not think of life and death or of anything except whether he is acting as a good or bad man. Socrates does not fear death, for no one knows whether death may not be the greatest good that can happen to man. But men fear it as if they knew quite well that it was the greatest of evils.(24) Socrates was borderline foolish when he discussed his political career and how he was ill suited for it because was just and made his decisions accordingly. This was a thinly veiled allusion to the moral character of the politicians of Greece, which must have been insulting and would not help acquit him. After Socrates was found guilty, he accepted the death penalty by insulting the jury again. He proposed that, instead of the death penalty, he should receive a public maintenance in the Prytaneum.(29) Today, that would be like a convicted killer asking that, instead of execution, he be sentenced to stay at Club Med. This was not foolish in Socrates situation because if he had made a plea bargain, it would contradict everything that he stood for. He warns that people will question the decision to put Socrates, a wise man, to death. After his conviction, Socrates was given an opportunity to escape his unjust conviction. He tells his would be saviors what we call today a social contract. A social contract states, simply, that you must obey all laws, no matter if they cause you an injustice because it is the same laws that protect the citizens. There would be no point of laws if people could ignore

The Relationship between Secular and Sacred Europe between 1500 and 1700

The Relationship between Secular and Sacred Europe between 1500 and 1700 The period between 1500 and 1700 is known as an Early Modern Period, it is considered to be the period between the Middle Ages and Contemporary world. It was the most significant period in the development of the Western Europe culture, in particular such countries as England, German, France and Spain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Secular and Sacred Europe between 1500 and 1700 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There were great changes in all spheres of human life: cultural, political, religious and scientific. The period is characterized by the growing secularism, development of the social and economic life. The period is characterized by contradictions between secular and religious power, the process that shaped the political and cultural life in Europe and became the most distinctive feature of the European society. Thus, there were two parallel lives in Europe: secular and sacred that in fluenced on other spheres of social development. The examples of the social changes can be found in a famous work by William Shakespeare Macbeth. In this essay, we will put a parallel between the work and distinctive features of the European society. So, the major features of the Early Middle Period between 1500 and 1700 include the growth of the bourgeoisie that developed relations with monarchs, changes in the family network. A particular feature of the Western Europe society was the decrease of the person’s status and change of the women’s status with was closely related to the husband’s work, moreover, many young women had to work to get endowment. The average age of people who got married rose because of the rise of education (young men had to finish their education) and young couples wanted to be independent of their families. Education became one of the prime necessities for men, consequently, the importance of schools and other educational establishments was exaggerated. Among the political events we can distinguish the following ones: German wars of religion, the conflict of king and parliament in England, War of Spain succession, etc. There were great changes in the religious life that was dependent on politics. For example, the defeat of the Roman Catholic Religion by Spain and France and a very significant episode in the English history when king Henry VIII declared himself a leader of the Church in order to get divorce.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Let us explore how religious reformation in the European society influenced on the future development of it. One of the greatest events in the field of religion and culture was the Protestant Reformation that greatly changed the attitudes to religion and politics, â€Å"In the second decade of the sixteenth century, the Christian church experienced the first in a series of religious divisions along geographic lines. The sequence of splits, beginning in the Holy Roman Empire and spreading to the whole of Europe by the end of the century, transformed the relationship of the reformed churches with state, society, and the individual† (Ferraro n. pg.). Two names mark this period, Martin Luther and John Calvin. The practices of indulgence were introduced into society. One could pay money and â€Å"reserve† place in the Haven. Thus, Church became dependant on government and higher layers of the society. The one who had money was â€Å"innocent† and the one who was poor was considered to be a â€Å"sinner†. Family and social lives were directed by the Catholic doctrines. There even were special rules of child’s upbringing. New family suggested that husband was a head of the family but all family responsibilities were divided between man and woman, it concerned a question of decision making and elevated the status of wife. We can find the example of this change in Macbeth when his wife, Lady Macbeth takes an active part in her husband’s activities. However, she is already not a classical obedient wife and has her own decisions to the problem. She is strong and independent woman who manipulates her husband. Thus, the change of relations between genders that occurred in the European society is reflected in the work. Shakespeare writes that she is a woman with a male soul, â€Å"undaunted mettle should compose / Nothing but males† (Shakespeare 75). However, we still notice that woman did not have full independence and she had to use other means to express her power. In Macbeth, she uses manipulation. The Protestant Reforms were not accepted by many people and they provoked a big number of wars of religion. The attempts to establish the power were made by church and could be observed in wars like French War of Religion and the English Civil War and a famous Glorious Revolution. These were the wars that are characterized by the conflicts between the â€Å"official† religions and new religions. The core idea of every war was the struggle for power and political dominance. In general, the church was more powerful then the king of the country and it was a basis for the conflicts and wars.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Secular and Sacred Europe between 1500 and 1700 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominant position of religion influenced on the transformation of the traditional way of thinking. Christian beliefs and folk traditions were mixed and resulted in the formation of the â€Å"European vision of the natural world†. People believed in the supernatural powers and, in fact, were afraid of them. A terrible period of the witch-hunting is another page in the European history. It also shows the power of church in the social and cultural life of people. It was als o a result of lack of education among poor people. Witches were the enemies of society and church, they were considered to evil creatures that could destroy the society. We can also find the example of this â€Å"social and religious belief† in the work by William Shakespeare. These are the tree withes that provoke Lady Macbeth to commit a murder. Thus, the author shows a particular trait of society, moreover, he add a great significance to these three mystique personages of his work. In Macbeth, we found another characteristic of the Early Modern society. First of all, the real historical personages had become the main characters of the work. However, Shakespeare did not focus on a true history and used those personages in order to describe social and political relations of the ruling class. Rivalry, and betrayal were the common features of it. The fact that Macbeth killed a king was a common thing for that period. Many rulers passed the same paths to get their thrones and t hey did not have any religious superstitions. As it has already been mentioned, the religious beliefs influenced on all aspects of human life. The change of role of woman in the society is one of the major characteristics that became a distinctive feature of the Early Modern Europe. The Puritanism was a widespread religion that formed the orthodoxy view on woman. On the one hand, her position of a mother made her a pure creature (association with the mother of Christ), on the other hand, socially and economically she had not any freedom and was dependent on man and her family. Some changes were introduced when Henry VIII legalized divorce, however, woman did not have such right as she was not â€Å"an autonomous individual†. In addition, she was not allowed to get education and she could not participate in political life of the country. A paradox in attitude to women is another feature of the period. As it has already been mentioned, a woman had a certain degree of a religiou s purity, however, she was also considered to have unnatural powers, in other words, woman was often associated with a witch. However, in this period, we can see the seeds of rise of women’s rights and William Shakespeare describes them it his work. He describes a woman of a new period, however he is still not liberated of superstitions of his time and revels the supernatural character of woman’s nature. Thus, we can see that there was a great tension between the secular and religious power and authority in the early Modern European period. The confrontation between church and â€Å"officials† was a major characteristic of the European society. Between 1500 and 1700 there were special relations between secular and sacred.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those reactions influenced on different aspects of human life, including cultural, social and politic development. One of the major characteristics of the society was an attitude to woman and her social role. We can find some of the characteristics of this society in the work by William Shakespeare, Macbeth. Ferraro, Joanne M. Early Modern Europe. Web. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth: a Tragedy. London: Mathews and Leigh., 1807

Inca Road System - 25,000 Miles Connecting an Empire

Inca Road System - 25,000 Miles Connecting an Empire The Inca Road (called Capaq Ñan or Qhapaq Ñan in the Inca language Quechua and Gran Ruta Inca in Spanish) was an essential part of the success of the Inca Empire. The road system included an astounding 25,000 miles of roads, bridges, tunnels, and causeways. Key Takeaways: The Inca Road The Inca Road includes 25,000 miles of roads, bridges, tunnels, and causeways, a straight line distance of 2,000 miles from Ecuador to ChileConstruction followed existing ancient roadways; Incas began improving it as part of its imperial movements by the mid-15th centuryWay stations were established at every 10–12 miles  Use was restricted to elites and their messengers, but commoners maintained, cleaned and repaired and set up businesses to cater to the travelersLikely nonelite access by miners and others Road construction began in the mid-fifteenth century when the Inca gained control over its neighbors and started expanding their empire. The construction exploited and expanded on existing ancient roadways, and it ended abruptly 125 years later when the Spanish arrived in Peru. In contrast, the Roman Empires road system, also built on existing roadways, included twice as many miles of road, but it took them 600 years to build. Four Roads from Cuzco The Inca road system runs the entire length of Peru and beyond, from Ecuador to Chile and northern Argentina, a straight-line distance of some 2,000 mi (3,200 km). The heart of the road system is at Cuzco, the political heart and capital of the Inca Empire. All the main roads radiated out from Cuzco, each named for and pointed in the cardinal directions away from Cuzco. Chinchaysuyu, headed to the north and ending in Quito, EcuadorCuntisuyu, to the west and to the Pacific coastCollasuyu, led southward, ending in Chile and northern ArgentinaAntisuyu, eastward to the western edge of the Amazon jungle According to historical records, the Chinchaysuyu road from Cuzco to Quito was the most important of these four, keeping the rulers of the empire in close touch with their lands and subject people in the north. Inca Road Construction Original Inca built canal and street in city of Ollantaytambo, Peru. Jeremy Horner / Corbis NX / Getty Images Plus Since wheeled vehicles were unknown to the Inca, the surfaces of the Inca Road were intended for foot traffic, accompanied by llamas or alpacas as pack animals. Some of the roadways were paved with stone cobbles, but many others were natural dirt pathways between 3.5–15 ft (1–4 meters) in width. The roads were primarily built along straight lines, with only a rare deflection by no more than 20 degrees within a 3 mi (5 km) stretch. In the highlands, the roads were constructed to avoid major curves. To traverse the mountainous regions, the Inca built long stairways and switchbacks; for lowland roads through marshes and wetlands they built causeways; crossing rivers and streams required bridges and culverts, and desert stretches included the making of oases and wells by low walls or cairns. Practical Concerns The roads were primarily built for practicality, and they were intended to move people, goods, and armies quickly and safely across the length and breadth of the empire. The Inca almost always kept the road below an altitude of 16,400 feet (5,000 meters), and where at all possible they followed flat inter-mountain valleys and across plateaus. The roads skirted much of the inhospitable South American desert coast, running instead  inland along the Andean foothills where sources of water could be found. Marshy areas were avoided where possible. Architectural innovations along the trail where difficulties could not be avoided included drainage systems of gutters and culverts, switchbacks, bridge spans, and in many places low walls built to bracket the road and protect it from erosion. In some places,  tunnels and retaining walls were built to allow safe navigation. The Atacama Desert Inca Road through the Atacama Desert. San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta Region, Chile (Lagunas Miscanti and Mià ±iques). Jimfeng / iStock / Getty Images Plus Precolumbian travel across Chiles Atacama desert could not be avoided, however. In the 16th century, the Contact-period Spanish historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo crossed the desert using the Inca Road. He describes having to break his people into small groups to share and carry food and water supplies. He also sent horsemen ahead to identify the location of the next available water source. Chilean archaeologist Luis Briones has argued that the famed Atacama geoglyphs carved into the desert pavement and on the Andean foothills were markers indicating where water sources, salt flats, and animal fodder could be found. Lodging Along the Inca Road According to 16th-century historical writers such as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, people walked the Inca Road at the rate of about ~12-14 mi (20–22 km) a day. Accordingly, placed along the road at every 12–14 miles are tambos or tampu, small building clusters or villages which acted as rest stops. These way stations provided lodging, food, and supplies for travelers, as well as opportunities for trading with local businesses. Several small facilities were kept as storage spaces to support tampu, of many different sizes. Royal officials called tocricoc were in charge of the cleanliness and maintenance of the roads; but a constant presence that could not be stamped out were pomaranra, road thieves or bandits. Carrying the Mail Steps cut into the native mountainside for the Inca Road leading to Machu Picchu. Geraint Rowland Photography / Moment / Getty Images A postal system was an essential part of the Inca Road, with relay runners called chasqui stationed along the road at .8 mi (1.4 km) intervals. Information was taken along the road either verbally or stored in the Inca writing systems of knotted strings called quipu. In special circumstances, exotic goods could be carried by the chasqui: it was reported that the ruler Topa Inca (ruled 1471–1493) could dine in Cuzco on two-day-old fish brought in from the coast, a travel rate of about 150 mi (240 km) each day. American packaging researcher Zachary Frenzel (2017) studied methods used by Incan travelers as illustrated by Spanish chroniclers. People on the trails used rope bundles, cloth sacks, or large clay pots known as aribalos to carry goods. The aribalos were likely used for the movement of chicha beer, a maize-based mildly alcoholic beverage that was an important element of elite Inca rituals. Frenzel found that traffic continued on the road after the Spanish arrived in the same manner, except for the addition of wooden trunks and leather bota bags for carrying liquids. Non-State Uses Chilean archaeologist Francisco Garrido (2016, 2017) has argued that the Inca Road also served as a traffic route for bottom-up entrepreneurs. The Inca-Spanish historian Garcilaso de la Vega stated unequivocally that commoners were not permitted to use the roads unless they had been sent to run errands by the Inca rulers or their local chiefs. However, was that ever a practical reality of policing 40,000 km? Garrido surveyed a portion of the Inca Road itself and other nearby archaeological sites in the Atacama desert in Chile and found that the roads were used by the miners to circulate mining and other craft products on the road and to funnel off-road traffic to and from the local mining camps. Interestingly, a group of economists led by Christian Volpe (2017) studied the effects of modern expansions on the Inca road system, and suggest that in modern times, improvements in transport infrastructure have had a significant positive impact on various companies exports and job growth. Selected Sources Hiking the section of the Inca Road leading to Machu Picchu is a popular tourist experience. Contreras, Daniel A. How Far to Conchucos? A Gis Approach to Assessing the Implications of Exotic Materials at Chavà ­n De Huntar. World Archaeology 43.3 (2011): 380–97. Print.Garrido Escobar, Franciso Javier. Mining and the Inca Road in the Prehistoric Atacama Desert, Chile. University of Pittsburgh, 2015. Print.Garrido, Francisco. Rethinking Imperial Infrastructure: A Bottom-up Perspective on the Inca Road. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 43 (2016): 94–109. Print.Garrido, Francisco, and Diego Salazar. Imperial Expansion and Local Agency: A Case Study of Labor Organization under Inca Rule. American Anthropologist 119.4 (2017): 631–44. Print.Marsh, Erik J., et al. Dating the Expansion of the Inca Empire: Bayesian Models from Ecuador and Argentina. Radiocarbon 59.1 (2017): 117–40. Print.Wilkinson, Darryl. Infrastructure and Inequality: An Archaeology of the Inka Road through the Amaybamba Cloud Forests. Journal of Social Archaeology 19.1 (2019): 27à ¢â‚¬â€œ46. Print.

Humanitarian interventions can only be strong states's strategies, Term Paper

Humanitarian interventions can only be strong states's strategies, discuss - Term Paper Example the front, with examples such as liberation of Iraq from dictatorial rule, which was successful after the US military managed to apprehend the then president Saddam Hussein (Chomsky 2007 p 30). It has also been in the forefront to restore democracy as well as suppressing armed militia for example in Somalia during the first battle of Mogadishu, invasion in Afghanistan among others. As it is today, the global economy depends highly on peace especially due to the various international trade organizations in place and hence, any country which may seem to jeopardize growth as a result of war and oppressive leadership should be made to account for its own short comings. These interventions however, should not be based on the greed to serve personal vendettas but for the common good of preserving humanity. This essay is a critical evaluation on humanitarian intervention, supporting the idea that they can only be successful if conducted by strong states, citing examples of successes and fai lures mostly from the US perspective. Humanitarian interventions as discussed herein, involves exercising liberty to disregard the sovereignty of a country with a genuine reason in order to protect the rights of the citizens as the understanding of international customary law dictates (Nye 2008 p 66). Many citizens continue to die as a result of power hungry politicians, who are willing and able to kill their fellow country men for them to remain in power. In defense, rebel movements especially in the third world countries continue to emerge resulting to more deaths and destruction of property. The Iraq government for example under the watch of president Saddam did not only pose a great threat to its neighbors such as Iran and Kuwait but also to its own citizens, who faced brutality from security forces, especially those who dared to criticize his rule. It is estimated that 300000 Iraqis died as a result of atrocities committed against them by Saddam’s regime. Most of these victims

The challenges an organisation may face in implementing a performance Essay

The challenges an organisation may face in implementing a performance and reward strategy - Essay Example Our motive at this point of stage is to ensure that each and every employee gives his or her level best for Pentangelli’s. In order to achieve this we have to organize the system. The initial stage would be to clearly divide the three brands under Pentangelli’s. Once having done that, we will authorize an individual person who will be responsible in managing each of the brands. They will be reporting to the highest authorities in Pentangelli’s. Doing this will help us to maintain a clear distinction in the three brands. After having done that we will be using performance appraisal, 360 degree evaluation to evaluate the employees. This will help them to get a clear picture of the employees. Once done, they can be asked to improve upon their weakness. In order increase their performance and productivity, they need to create a friendly atmosphere with them. Appreciation helps in motivation so hard workers would be rewarded. Finally creating a good social platform wi th the employees will help them get motivated and create a sense of belonging in the company. PENTANGELLI’S Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 PENTANGELLI’S 2 Introduction 4 Recommendations 4 Total Reward Management 6 Alignment 6 Employee Value 7 Cost 7 Conclusion 8 References 11 Introduction Having read the whole case of Pentangelli’s it is clearly evident that the brand gradually started crumbling after the fast expansions done by Luca. The management clearly could not handle the pressure of the growth. Our motive at this point of stage is to ensure that each and every employee gives his or her level best for Pentangelli’s. In order to achieve this we have to organize the system. The initial stage would be to clearly divide the three brands under Pentangelli’s. Once having done that, we will authorize an individual person who will be responsible in managing each of the brands. They will be reporting to the highest authorities in Pentangelliâ⠂¬â„¢s. Doing this will help us to maintain a clear distinction in the three brands. Recommendations As discussed in the introduction we will be dividing Pentangelli’s into three verticals. First, the restaurant in the five star hotel which will be run by Luca. There will not be any change in the management and Luca will be solely responsible for it. He will not be interfering in the other two verticals. The Bistro’s known as Take 5 will be managed by Tina as it has been doing very well under her expertise of public relations. Sean though he is not keeping well will be handling the Gastro Pubs. He does not need to be present there physically. As mentioned in the case study Sean had appointed managers in each of the gastro pubs. We need to ensure that these managers have thorough knowledge of the restaurant business. Preferably they should be having a background in hotel and restaurant management. (Cannell, 2007) They will be responsible for managing the restaurant. Sea n will be getting timely reporting from then as and when required. The managers will have the authority to take simple day to day decisions. Sean will only be prompted when some major judgment needs to be done. Sean can visit the gastro pubs whenever he wishes to and see as to how things are being run. This is the first plan of action. The next part will be performance management and a reward system. An organization is run by the employees. So in order to maintain the success, we need to ensure t

Training and Development Issues in Multinational Companies

Training and Development Issues in Multinational Companies 1. Introduction Nowadays Multinational corporations are more and more widespread, but a problem that they still dont have accomplished is how to retain successful employees, and most importantly how to train their employees in order to make them an efficient and successful resource of their enterprises. Some researchers estimated that around 30% of all expatriates sent to undertake overseas assignments return home prematurely (Kim Slocum, 2008; Mendenhall, Dunbar, Oddou, 1987). Failed adjustment of expatriates leads to high amount of economic and social costs for multinationals corporations. Expatriate failure is argued to be the inability of the expatriate to undertake effectively the international assignment, with the consequence of being fired or recalled to home (Tung (1982), therefore it is crucial to identify the ways to reduce and eliminate such failures. Although estimations of the costs of expatriate failure tend to vary in regards to each different country and are not based on a fixed set of criteria, they certainly cannot be neglected by multinationals (Gregersen Black, 1990). This essay aims to explore the strategic issues around training and development that are faced by Multinational corporations. In particular, a definition of what is International training and development will be given, then its importance in MNCs outlined, and the most advocated training programs explained, finally the essay concludes saying that trainees should also take in consideration expatriates spouse and children as the family support is fundamental for an expatriate to perform effectively. 2. What is International training and development? One of the most significant topics of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is International training and development and its benefits are well recognized in the literature. (Dowling and Welch, 2004; Kamoche, 1996; Mendenhall et al., 1987; Tung, 1982). Kamoche (1996) says: The human resource refers to the accumulated stock of knowledge, skills and abilities that individuals possess, which the firm has built up over time into an identifiable expertise (p. 216). In the management literature, the two words International training and management development are always related to each other. Training has the scope to enhance work behaviour and skills, and development has the scope to gain better abilities for future work (Dowling et al., 1999). The word development in the human resource management area it involves career and abilities development, human resource and management development. Career and abilities development are related to International training and job rotation. Management development aims to identify, forecast and promote International managers. Inside Human resource development is incorporated career and abilities development and management development. Dowling and Welch (2004) argue that the issue for multinationals is how to retain and leverage their employees in order to have at disposal highly trained, internationally oriented human resources to support their strategic responses and concur to their key competencies. Multinationals are increasing their usage of training to improve and assist expatriates activities. 3. The importance of training and development in MNCs Nowadays, a successful international manager has to detain a set of specific abilities in regards to the context, such as managing responsibility skills, cultural adaptability, ability to generate subordinates, ability to demonstrate and to exhibit (Baumgarten, 1992). These skills are regarded as fundamental international ability and characteristics which can be generated with an effective international training and development program. International training is the type of training specifically set for who has been allocated an international assignment. In the international literature the group of international training that has received more attention is Pre-departure training for expatriates, as overseas failure (i.e. the return of an expatriate employee before the completion of the assigned assignment) is most of the time caused by failure to provide adequate international training for expatriates and their spouses. In order to measure the effectiveness of employees expatriation, the expatriate failure rate is a good indicator. One of the reason MNCs have to avoid expatriation failure is certainly because their cost are really high, involving direct (salary, training, travel and relocation costs) and indirect expenditure. The average direct cost per failure to the parent company goes from US$ 55.000 to US$ 80.000, depending to the assignments destination (Mendenhall and Oddou, 1986). Whereas indirect costs can be considerable and difficult to quantify, including the damage of the relationships with host countrys government, other organizations and with customers, losing market share and companys reputation, therefore also missing future business opportunities. Some research conducted among Americans multinationals has revealed a high rate of expatriate failure and therefore it remains a recurring problem (Brewster, 1988). Table 1 shows this phenomenon (Shen and Edwards, 2004). The global environment is becoming more and more complex and in continuous change, for this reason it requires flexibility. Therefore organizations have to devise strategic responses with the help of suitably trained and internationally oriented employees. Researches find that there is positive correlation between the rigor of the selection and training process and its expatriate success rate (Tung, 1981). This means that if a company uses a more rigorous training program then it will significantly benefit and improve the performances of the expatriate in the overseas environment, therefore decreasing the failure rate (Mendenhall et al., 1987). Cultural training aims to enables personnel to adjust themselves in the foreign culture and then work more effectively in the new environment (Earley, 1987). Table 2 shows (in descending order of importance) some reasons of expatriate failure in US and Japanese MNCs (Tung, 1982). Table 2. SOURCE: Tung, 1982. From the table its important to note that the more important cause of expatriate failure is not expatriates absence of adequate technical skills, but the inability of expatriates and their spouse to adapt themselves in the new overseas environment and culture. The aims of international management development is to identify, promote and use international managers, and it is forecasted to have a important role in MNCs because it is fundamentally needed in order to develop a cross-national corporate culture and to integrate international operations. Bartlett and Ghoshal (2000), argue that multinational corporations can develop their network by creating a group of international managers from different countries. 4. International training and development programs In Multinational corporations there are mainly two different groups of international trainings. They are divided in: Pre-departure training for expatriates: before an expatriates departure for the international assignment, there will be a preparatory training course, this has the scope to ensure that the expatriate has the right capacity and knowledge to accomplish his assignment in a successful way. Post-arrival training for expatriates: Once the expatriate is arrived in his destination to fulfil his international assignment, he will be provided with on-site training, in order to familiarize with the new working environment. Training for nationals of the host-country (HCNs) and nationals of third-country (TCNs): multinationals will provide training in order to teach them their corporate culture and strategy. 4.1 Pre-departure training Most of the literature is concentrated on expatriate pre-departure training programs and their scope is to provide and develop host-countrys cultural awareness to expatriates. Once expatriates have been selected by the multinational for an overseas task, pre-departure training is the next indispensable step to be taken in order to ensure the successful and effective performance of expatriates assignment in the host-country (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). Pre-departure training programs to be effective have to include different components: cultural awareness training, preliminary visits, language instruction and assistance with practical assistance (Mendenhall Oddou, 1986). 4.1.1 Cultural awareness programs Is generally known that expatriates have to feel comfortable and adapted in the host-country in order to perform effectively their task, therefore is fundamental to provide them with a well-designed cultural awareness training program. Receiving this kind of training expatriates will understand and appreciate host-countrys different culture and can behave accordingly or develop appropriate coping patterns. Without any understanding of host-countrys different culture, expatriates are likely to feel disoriented and face difficult behavioural problems during their time abroad. Therefore, cultural awareness training is considered the most common and important part of pre-departure training. Cultural awareness training programs is formed by different components which may vary according to country of destination, duration of the assignment, purpose of the expatriation, and the provider of such programs (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). 4.1.2 Preliminary visits One method for orientating the expatriates is to send them in the host-country for a short trip. If the trip overseas is well planned can provide a useful preview to expatriates and their spouse about the international assignments destination, and allow them to assess their suitability for the new environment. This kind of trip is needed also to introduce expatriates to the new business context in the host-country and provide them with more information before their departure. Preliminary visit to the host-country can assist in the initial adjustment process when used as part of a pre-departure training program (Dowling, Engler, Festing, 2008). Even if the useful adoption of preliminary visits is well known, some European multinationals do not provide it. The 1997 European study reported what one firm admitted: We do not provide pre-assignments visits where conditions are so poor that nobody would want to go. 4.1.3 Language training Language training is an important component of a pre-departure training program. However its importance is always put after that of cultural awareness training. It is generally worldwide accepted that English is the common language of the business world. The ORC Worldwide 2002 survey discovered that the adoption of language training for expatriates and their spouse, as part of the pre-departure training program is increased. In fact, results say that 59% of the sample firms provided language training before the departure of expatriates, and 74% provided language training once expatriates arrived on the assignments destination. The ability to speak the foreign countrys language is essential to perform better and improve negotiating ability; indeed Tung (1997) discovered from a survey of 400 expatriates that language competence is a critical part of the assignments performance. Language skills are not important only for task performance but also for cultural adjustment. One reason for multinational not providing language training may be the difficulty and long time required to learn even a base level of a foreign language. A solution to this problem for multinationals is to hire a large language competent staff from which they can choose the potential expatriates to send abroad, but multinationals have also to keep an up-to-date information on all employees, and make frequent tests to verify if those language skills have been maintained (Marschan, Welch, 1997). 4.1.4 Practical assistance Providing practical assistance is another component of a pre-departure training program. Practical assistance aims to help expatriates and their family to adapt themselves to the new foreign environment. Many multinationals are paying specialized assistants in order to help expatriates and their family, providing practical assistance in finding a suitable accommodation or school for their children. 4.2 Post-arrival training Some recent research studies and innovative multinational companies practices suggest that there are three main emerging topic that managers working in multinational corporations have to be aware: In-Country, Real-Time Training, Global Mindset Training; and Self Internet-Based Training. 4.2.1 In-Country, Real-Time Training The majority of multinational corporations think that pre-departure cross-cultural training alone can already give expatriate the necessary skills and knowledge to perform well in the overseas environment. But researchers in this area have analyzed the expatriation process from different perspectives and discovered that multinationals thinking is erroneous, and argued that is important to continue the cross-cultural training program in the early stages of the international assignment (Gudykunst, Guzley, Hammer, 1996; Mendenhall, 1999). Living in a totally new environment facing different culture is a complex task and pre-departure training can provide expatriate with skills and knowledge only to survive, not to excel and overcome problematic situations where expatriates dont know what they should do, because pre-departure training methods cannot cover all the specific cross-cultural situations that expatriates encounter during the international assignment. Therefore once arrived in the foreign country is important to provide expatriates with further education and training in order to make them able to process accurately the new environment around them and to undertake wise moves. In-country training suits these specific needs. Global Mindset Training Nowadays it is very important that managers especially for U.S and European firms to develop global mindset in order to help their own companies to operate in the global context even when they have tasks only at local level. Hence increasing number of companies is educating their managers about global business issues. Multinationals have several ways to do this, for instance they can utilize their internal returning managers or expatriates in terms of their overseas marÂÂ ­ket knowledge, intercultural skills, foreign language ability, and so on. Some Multinational corporations organize seminars both on formal way and on informal way and ask repatriates to share their overseas experiences relocating managers and their families to some specific regions. Then companies could also adopt the method of field experience that puts employees in contact with subcultures, in particular with poor people, within their own country during short and compressed time periods. During this time they should learn how to walk in the moccasins of the members of the subculture. This kind of experience provides them a powerful tool to broaden their horizons, to reduce subjective barriers and prejudices, and increase their interpersonal skills. All these activities enhance those competencies to develop a global leader ship and business knowledge. Self Internet-based training Companies also provide CD-ROM edutainment software to support employees and children in activities of large range in order to help expatriates to increase their productivity overseas. It is designed as self training program. For instance you can find software CD-ROM that can give you a country specific interactive guide for business travelers and ordinary dealings with different cultures under the supervision of some trainers through internet connection. Often these software are tailored with different feature to different employees family members. 5. Trainees: Who should be trained? The support of the expatriates family is of critical importance for any international assignment to be successfully completed. From this point of view, is clear that multinationals have to train all family members of the expatriate in order to receive a high and effective performance of the assignment. According to a survey conducted by Organizational Resource Counsellors (ORC), 47% of multinationals offer training program to the entire family of the expatriate, 33% offer to their employee and spouse, and 20% offer training only to the expatriate employee. Different researchers have analysed this phenomenon and argue that the most important and common reasons for which expatriate cannot perform effectively their international assignment is the inability of their spouses to settle well and live in the host culture (Black, Gregersen, Mendenhall, 1992; Adler, 1997; Kohls, 1994). While expatriate are sustained by the workplace with familiar routines and job tasks, the situation of his or her family members is quite different. The spouse is left alone and has to face difficult challenges in a new international environment such as how to deal with relocation logistics, to establish the household, to settle the children at school, to negotiate with the local services, and to become part of a social network. Obviously the level of difficulty depends on spouses level of confidence and skills. According to findings of a research made by Bennett Associates and Price Waterhouse, most of the times all expatriates are married and the accompanying spouse is female, and they have to face the dual-career dilemma situation at the time of the international relocation. When the accompanying partner is in front of this situation, she or he may feel ambivalent about the move and worried about how to find employment once arrived abroad. So all training programs should take in c onsideration these issues and help the spouse in order to have a positive growth and development during the time abroad. Therefore is very important that the spouse feel that he or she is also an active part in the international assignment (Lublin, 1999). Training programs should also include young family members, supporting them to adapt in the new environment. All these programs should be tailored according to different needs of children, and they are particularly useful in case of strong difference between childrens culture and host-country ones. In most major business centres there are international schools that help expatriate community, trying to facilitate their transition from their own countrys environment to the new foreign countrys environment. In other cases, when is not possible to find this kind of international schools, children have to put more efforts in facing new education system, social norms, and the challenges posed by a new language. 6. Conclusions One of the most important issues of International Human Resource Management is International training and development and this is well known by all researchers. From the literature and study done in this field, researchers argue that most MNCs do not provide sufficient or adequate International training for expatriates and their families. It is argued that Multinationals have reported high percentage of expatriate failure and consequently they do not have many effective international managers in the international arena. Researchers said that the components of each different international training has to be decided in regards to the country of destination, the type of task, the duration of assignment and the purpose of expatriation. Pre-departure training and post-arrival training are the most supported in the literature. Therefore, MNCs should provide effective International training and development to expatriates and their family, Host-country nationals and Third-country nationals, in order to gain better economic performance and to be successful in such a competitive environment.

Norwegian cruise line

In the 1980s, we saw an entertaining TV serial, â€Å"The Love Boat†, that shows us how beautiful the yacht is and what romance the passenger might have. In addition, almost a century ago, in 1912, we also witness that the Titanic, the biggest passenger ship in the beginning of 20th century sank during the journey between Paris and New York, in which 1,503 people lost their lives. From the two stories above, we learn that yacht or cruise line have been in the business for decades.Their target markets, as their luxurious ships suggest, are those who enjoy a journey in the sea and are willing to pay a considerably high price for the comfort. To meet such customers’ demands, the cruise line owner should provide a first-class service including the workers, foods and beverages, entertainments, and the cruise line itself. According to one report, the cruise line industry is a fifteen billion dollar worldwide business and it continues to grow at a rapid pace. Between January 2 001 and December 2005, the cruising industry adds their fleet with over fifty ships.While there are tens to hundreds cruising companies, in this paper, we will only focus the discussion on Norwegian Cruise Lines (NCL). Concerning the NCL, we will discuss about background of NCL, its offerings and differentiation strategies, global cruise market, pricing competition, competitors, and financial analysis. At the end, we will provide conclusion that describe the competitiveness of Norwegian Cruise Line in the cruising industry. 2. Norwegian Cruise Line.2. 1 Company Background Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) is a 40-year old cruse line that originates from Miami, Florida in the U. S. Unlike other cruise line companies, NCL asserts that they offer distinctive services that guests/customers would not get from other cruise line companies. The so-called freestyle cruise line becomes the company’s tag line and perceived quality. The company’s business principle is to encourage innov ation in all aspects of cruise line services. That principle guides the company to record several awards and ‘the first company’ records in some aspects as following: ? The First Caribbean cruise ? Provide the First Internet cafe at sea.The First cruise line that has children's programs ? The First. cruise line to provide Freestyle Cruising ? The first cruise line that has WiFi connection ? Provide the first bowling alley at sea (NCL Corporation, 2007 – Our Company) 2. 2 Offerings and Differentiation strategies In order to keep alive in Cruise industry that has hundreds of players (cruise lines), a company may have to be perceived different from the rests. The situation also occurs for Norwegian Cruise line, a Miami (Florida – USA) cruise line that becomes one of well-known cruise line in the U. S. due to unique offerings.The unique offerings called Freestyle where guests can choose services they want. The freestyle services come in many forms such as free style dining where customers can select 13 different restaurants on a single ship, freestyle fund where guests can experience many kinds of entertainment and fun activities like bowling, jogging, hiking, surfing, and spa, to name a few (NCL Corporation, 2007 – freestyle) 2. 3 Global Cruise Market Hospitality industry is a business dealing with the provisions of food, beverages, and accommodation.According to one research, the industry is found to be the fastest growing industry in the world surpassing manufacturing and banking. In addition to airlines and restaurants business, one of branches in hospitality industry is Cruise Lines industry. Burke (2000) said that the cruise industry had maintained good performance within the past decades for two reasons: ? Cruise lines industry always show astonishing records in the number of passengers who sail the cruises.In 1998 alone, the number of passengers was over five million passengers with occupancy rates about 91 percent. ? The i ndustry continues maintains astounding growth rate about 10 percent per annum (Burke, 2000) The Cruise Industry started in 1960’s as a merely leisure cruising. During its first years, the industry grew enormously. By the 1980’s the larger cruise companies already constructing larger ships and the smaller companies trying to compete by acquiring second hand ships.In the 1990’s the cruise companies built â€Å"post-Panamax† ships, the ships weigh over 100. 000 tons and apparently too large to pas trough the Panama Canal. The largest market for the cruise industry is from the North America where Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) exists. The other prospective market is European. In 2001, The North American Market consists of 7 million cruise passenger (72 % of world demand), 1. 9 million passenger originated from Europe (20 % of world demand) and 800. 000 passenger (8 % of world demand) are from Asia. For the last 5 years, the industry has grown faster than any oth er types of vocations.Continuous growth from years to come is expected to be 8 to 20 % of current market (‘Commission’, 2002). 2. 4 Pricing Strategies of of Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) Competitors 2. 4. 1 Carnival Corporation (CCL) CCL is a company operating in the cruise ship industry. It provides cruise vacations leisure travels and sightseeing packages to customers worldwide. During 2004 the company has built 11 new ships. By February 2005, the company owned 77 cruise ships operating under 12 cruise brands (Eidam, 2004).

Should You Protect Yourself from Ticks in the Winter

Heading outdoors in January? Dont forget your DEET. While winter weather may mean most bugs are dormant, theres one important arthropod you should still take steps to avoid. Blood-sucking, disease-carrying ticks may still be active in winter months. Some Ticks Bite in the Winter Some ticks are still looking for blood in the winter and may bite if you give them the chance. Generally speaking, as long as temperatures stay below 35 °F, ticks remain inactive. On warmer days, however, ticks may be out looking for a blood meal. If the ground isnt completely covered with snow and soil temperatures reach 45 °F, ticks will likely search for blood hosts, including you or your pet. If you live in an area where winters are mild, you should definitely be concerned about protecting yourself from ticks year-round. But even in regions where winters can be harsh, you should keep ticks in mind when going outdoors on milder winter days. While dog ticks are rarely seen after the first frost of the year, deer ticks are known for coming to life when the weather is mild. What Are Ticks and How Do They Find You? Ticks are arthropods in the class Arachnida, the arachnids. Ticks and mites are cousins of spiders, scorpions, and daddy longlegs. But while most other arachnids are predators or scavengers, ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites. Some tick species live in close proximity to their hosts and complete their entire life cycle on that host species. Others, including most ticks that feed on humans, will take blood meals from different species during each stage of their life cycle. Ticks locate potential hosts by detecting movement and carbon dioxide. Ticks cannot jump, fly, or swim. They use a technique called questing to locate and attach to a blood host. When searching for a blood meal, a tick will position itself on vegetation and assume a stance that allows it to immediately grab onto any passing warm-blooded animal. Why You Should Protect Yourself From Ticks Ticks are remarkably effective at transmitting diseases to their hosts, unfortunately. Among arthropods, only mosquitoes carry and transmit more human diseases than ticks. Tick-borne diseases can be difficult to diagnosis and treatment. Ticks carry bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, all of which can make their way into your body when a tick feeds on your blood. Diseases transmitted by ticks in North America include: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Powassan virus, American boutonneuse fever, tularemia, Colorado tick fever, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, relapsing fever, and tick paralysis. How to Protect Yourself From Ticks and Tick Bites in the Winter If air temperatures rise above 35 ° F, you should take  precautions to avoid tick bites, just as you do in summer months. Use a tick repellant as directed, wear long pants and tuck your pant legs into your socks, and do a thorough check for ticks as soon as you return indoors. Pets that go outdoors can carry ticks back home, too. A recent study funded by Cornell University suggests that deer ticks rely on leaf litter to insulate themselves from the cold during the winter months. Raking your leaves in the fall and eliminating leaf litter from your yard may help reduce the population of ticks in your yard and protect your pets and your family from tick bites in the winter. Sources Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, edited by John. L. Capinera.Physicians Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, 6th edition, by Jerome Goddard.Leaf cover appears to help deer ticks survive winter, Maine researchers report, Joe Lawlor, Portland Press Herald, June 6, 2016.  Accessed online December 19, 2016.Seasonal Information - Frequently Asked Questions, Tick Encounter website, University of Rhode Island. Accessed online December 19, 2016.